Following his “Leveraging Natural Language in Healthcare” workshop at the Ai-Med Global Summit 2023, Harvey Castro on the challenges and opportunities of ChatGPT and using AI to strengthen the patient-provider relationship

Congratulations on the publication of your latest book. Please tell us what led you to write it.

The journey began when I first encountered ChatGPT on November 22, 2022. I immediately recognized its potential to revolutionize how physicians and patients interact, providing more efficient and accurate diagnoses, personalized treatments, and improved healthcare outcomes. I launched my first book called ChatGPT and Healthcare: The Key to the new future of Medicine on January 5, 2023, and since then, I have been committed to fostering understanding and educating medical professionals and the public about the nuances of AI technologies in healthcare.

My latest book delves into how large language models (LLM), like Bing Copilot, transform healthcare. As these technologies advance, the “good, the bad, and the unknown” become increasingly important topics to address. By shedding light on both the benefits and potential drawbacks of AI in medicine, I aim to ensure that these powerful tools are used ethically and responsibly, avoiding harm to patients and practitioners.

I have made it my mission to create a call to action for healthcare professionals to take charge in shaping the future of AI-driven medicine. I firmly believe that doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers must be at the helm of this technological revolution to ensure the best possible outcomes for all involved. By leading the way, we can harness the power of AI to create a better, more efficient, and patient-centered healthcare system.

ChatGPT and Healthcare will contribute to an informed and responsible approach to AI in medicine, paving the way for a brighter, healthier future.

What do you believe are the key opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in the healthcare industry? 

The advent of ChatGPT in the healthcare industry brings many opportunities and challenges. As with any revolutionary technology, it is crucial to balance embracing its potential and addressing the obstacles it may present. In the context of healthcare, some key opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT include:

Opportunities: 

  • Enhanced patient-doctor communication

ChatGPT can help facilitate better communication between patients and their healthcare providers, enabling a more personalized and efficient exchange of information. Patients can create better questions before seeing the doctor. ChatGPT will allow you to be better prepared for your visit with your doctor. Also, better discharge instructions that are customized to your age and medical conditions. For example, a child is discharged with a coloring book that speaks at their age level

  • Rapid access to medical information

The AI-driven capabilities of ChatGPT allow for the swift retrieval and analysis of relevant medical data, assisting doctors in making informed decisions and delivering tailored treatment plans

  • Remote healthcare support

ChatGPT can play a pivotal role in telemedicine, providing remote support to patients, particularly in underserved communities where access to healthcare professionals may be limited

Challenges: 

  • Hallucination effect

A significant challenge posed by ChatGPT is the possibility of generating inaccurate or misleading information, known as the hallucination effect. This can be particularly dangerous in the healthcare context, where the consequences of misinformation can be severe. 

  • HIPAA and privacy issues

The adoption of ChatGPT in healthcare raises concerns regarding patient privacy and compliance with regulations such as HIPAA. Ensuring the secure transmission and storage of sensitive patient data is paramount to integrating AI technologies in healthcare

  • Risk of misuse and self-diagnosis

There is a potential for individuals to misuse ChatGPT for self-diagnosis or treatment without consulting a medical professional. This could lead to incorrect conclusions, delayed care, or improper treatment, potentially causing harm to patients

To mitigate these challenges and harness the opportunities presented by ChatGPT, it is essential to emphasize the responsible and collaborative use of this technology in healthcare. Patients and healthcare professionals must work together, utilizing ChatGPT as a supportive tool rather than a substitute for professional medical advice. By fostering a culture of collaboration and informed decision-making, we can ensure that AI technologies like ChatGPT contribute to a more efficient and effective healthcare system while minimizing potential risks.

Do you think AI will cause human contact in healthcare to change in the future?

The integration of AI in healthcare can significantly transform human contact in the industry, and if used correctly, it could even enhance it. While concerns about AI replacing human interactions are valid, the technology can also be a powerful tool to improve the quality of care and strengthen the patient-provider relationship.

One of the most promising aspects of AI in healthcare is its capacity to streamline administrative tasks and reduce the burden of paperwork on medical professionals. By creating a paperless environment through voice recognition and AI camera systems, doctors and nurses can focus more on their patients instead of being bogged down by administrative duties. This allows for increased eye contact and more meaningful patient interactions and enables healthcare providers to dedicate more time to practicing medicine and delivering personalized care.

Furthermore, AI-driven tools like ChatGPT can facilitate better communication between patients and healthcare professionals by providing instant access to relevant medical information and enhancing the overall patient experience. This increased efficiency can free up valuable time for practitioners to engage in meaningful conversations with patients and address their concerns more thoroughly.

In essence, AI technologies have the potential to augment and support human contact in healthcare rather than replace it. By using AI responsibly and focusing on its strengths, we can create a future where healthcare professionals can devote more time and attention to their patients, fostering stronger connections and improving the overall quality of care.

What are you most concerned about regarding the future of AI in medicine?

The integration of AI in medicine brings about a myriad of concerns, as with any revolutionary technology. Some of the most pressing issues include:

  • Incorrect use leading to patient harm

The potential to damage patients if AI is not used correctly is a significant concern. For instance, if medical professionals rely solely on AI-generated diagnoses without corroborating their findings or considering the broader clinical context, there is a risk of misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, or inappropriate therapy, which could have fatal consequences

  • Over-reliance on technology

There is a valid worry that an over-reliance on AI could lead to the erosion of essential skills and the art of medicine. As doctors become increasingly dependent on AI-driven tools, they may become less proficient in critical thinking and decision-making, negatively impacting their ability to provide the best possible care to their patients

  • Loss of human touch

The integration of AI in medicine could inadvertently create a cold and impersonal environment where patients feel disconnected from their healthcare providers. Building trust and rapport with patients is a vital aspect of the healing process, and losing that human connection could significantly impact the overall quality of care

  • Ethical concerns

The use of AI in medicine raises various ethical questions, such as potential biases in algorithms, data privacy issues, and the responsibility for AI-generated errors. These concerns must be addressed to ensure that AI-driven solutions are equitable, transparent, and accountable

  • Widening disparities

The unequal distribution of AI-driven technologies could exacerbate healthcare disparities. Access to advanced AI tools may be limited to affluent regions or institutions, further widening the gap in healthcare quality between different populations.

To address these concerns, it is essential to approach the implementation of AI in medicine with a well-rounded perspective, prioritizing patient safety and focusing on the responsible use of technology. By engaging in ongoing dialogue and collaboration between healthcare professionals, AI developers, and policymakers, we can harness the benefits of AI while mitigating the risks and maintaining the human touch that lies at the heart of medicine.

What role do you see AI playing in the drive to address inequity in healthcare?

AI’s role in addressing healthcare inequity can indeed be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it promises to democratize access to healthcare and bridge the gap between underserved populations and advanced medical resources. On the other hand, there is the potential for exacerbating existing disparities if access to AI-driven healthcare solutions becomes a luxury only available to those who can afford it.

Positive aspects of AI in addressing healthcare inequity include:

  • Expanding access to healthcare

AI-driven tools, particularly in telemedicine, can extend healthcare services to remote and underserved communities. This could help deliver essential care to people who would otherwise have limited access to medical professionals, reducing disparities in access to healthcare

  • Enhancing preventive medicine

AI can analyze vast data to identify patterns and risk factors, enabling early intervention and more effective preventive measures. By providing targeted and timely preventive care, AI can help improve the overall health of underserved populations, contributing to increased longevity and quality of life

  • Education and healthcare literacy

AI-driven platforms can provide personalized health education and resources to individuals, fostering increased healthcare literacy and empowering people to make informed decisions about their health

However, there are also potential pitfalls to consider:

  • Cost barriers

The high costs associated with developing and implementing AI-driven healthcare solutions might increase end-user prices. If the cost of accessing these services becomes prohibitive, it could further widen the gap between those who can afford the technology and those who cannot

  • Digital divide

The successful implementation of AI-driven healthcare solutions relies on technology and digital infrastructure access. In many underserved communities, the digital divide is a significant barrier, limiting the potential impact of AI-driven interventions

To ensure that AI plays a constructive role in addressing healthcare inequity, developing strategies that promote equitable access to these technologies is crucial. This could involve subsidizing AI-driven healthcare solutions for low-income populations, investing in digital infrastructure in underserved areas, and fostering public-private partnerships to drive down costs and expand access. By taking a proactive approach to address these challenges, we can harness the power of AI to create a more equitable and accessible healthcare system for all.

We are thrilled to have you at Ai-Med’s Global Summit. What have you enjoyed at the event?

I am truly honored and thrilled to be a part of Ai-Med’s Global Summit as one of the speakers. This prestigious event is a testament to the global effort to harness the potential of AI in transforming healthcare, and I am excited to contribute to this collective endeavor.

I’ve enjoyed engaging in a fruitful dialogue with a diverse group of healthcare professionals, AI experts, policymakers, and other stakeholders regarding my workshop. The opportunity to share my insights and experiences, as well as learn from others, is invaluable.  I believe that collaboration and open discussion are crucial to unlocking the true potential of AI in healthcare, and my workshop aims to facilitate these essential exchanges.

I’ve enjoyed the wide range of workshops, panel discussions, and presentations showcasing cutting-edge research, innovative solutions, and best practices in AI-driven medicine. The Global Summit presents a unique opportunity to connect with like-minded individuals who share a passion for improving healthcare through technology. It is a chance to forge new partnerships, exchange ideas, and inspire one another as we work towards a common goal.

Furthermore, I was excited to explore the diverse perspectives and approaches presented at the summit as they reflect the interdisciplinary nature of AI in healthcare. This event offers an excellent platform for cross-pollinating ideas and collaboration between various sectors, paving the way for ground-breaking innovations and more inclusive healthcare solutions.

I am incredibly honored to be part of Ai-Med’s Global Summit. I look forward to engaging in stimulating discussions, forging new connections, and contributing to the ongoing dialogue on the future of AI in healthcare.

What advice would you give those interested in developing their understanding of innovation to improve healthcare?

For those interested in developing their understanding of innovation to improve healthcare, the following advice can help guide their journey:

  • Embrace lifelong learning

The healthcare landscape continuously evolves, with new technologies and innovations emerging regularly. To stay informed and keep up with these changes, commit to ongoing education through attending conferences, enrolling in courses, participating in webinars, and reading industry journals and blogs

  • Connect with experts and mentors

Building relationships with experienced professionals in healthcare innovation can provide invaluable insights and guidance. Seek out mentors, join networking groups or professional associations, and attend events to connect with others who share your passion for improving healthcare.

  • Stay informed about emerging technologies

Familiarize yourself with new technologies and trends that can potentially transform healthcare, such as AI, machine learning, telemedicine, and genomics. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of these technologies will enable you to identify innovative solutions and strategies that can improve patient care and outcomes.

  • Develop interdisciplinary thinking

Healthcare innovation often benefits from a multidisciplinary approach. Broaden your understanding of fields outside your primary area of expertise, such as data science, engineering, or behavioral sciences, to foster a more comprehensive perspective on healthcare challenges and potential solutions

  • Cultivate a problem-solving mindset

Focus on identifying unmet needs and pain points within healthcare and explore how innovative solutions can address these issues. Approach problems with curiosity, creativity, and a willingness to experiment and iterate

  • Encourage collaboration

Effective healthcare innovation often involves collaboration between stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, patients, technology developers, and policymakers. Foster a collaborative mindset by engaging in interdisciplinary projects, sharing ideas, and seeking input from diverse perspectives

  • Be patient-centered

Always prioritize the needs and well-being of patients in your pursuit of innovation. Consider the impact of new technologies and approaches on patient care, safety, and overall experience. Ensure that your creations align with ethical principles and promote equitable access to healthcare. This was one of my main pillars when I created Trusted Medical Centers.

  • Learn from failure

Not all innovations will succeed, and loss can be essential to learning. Embrace setbacks as opportunities to refine your ideas and approaches and use these experiences to grow and adapt

By following this advice, you can develop a strong foundation in healthcare innovation and contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve the quality, accessibility, and efficiency of healthcare for all.

We believe in changing healthcare one connection at a time. If you are interested in the opinions in this piece, in connecting with the author, or the opportunity to submit an article, let us know. We love to help bring people together! [email protected] 

Harvey Castro is a physician, healthcare consultant, and serial entrepreneur with extensive experience in the healthcare industry, aiming to increase awareness of digital health and implement positive changes in the field. He has held various positions, including CEO, physician, and medical correspondent, and is the author of several books.